Hydrology of the rivers in Turkey

Abstract

Today, approximately 65% of all the energy demand is provided with the fossil fuels, 20% with hydraulic energy and 15% with the nuclear energy. Despite the fact that some energy sources, as compared to the age of the earth or even the age of humanity, are relatively new, their destructive effects have been experienced for a long time. The kind of energy that minimizes these unwanted effects is hydraulic energy. Hydrology of the river plays the keyrole for the construction of hydraulic power stations. In Turkey there are two government departments working on this subject: Devlet Su Isleri (DSI), Elektrik Isleri Etud Idaresi (EIEI). In this study,by using the flowrate between the years 1965-1992 that have been observed in 221 different Current Observation stations in Turkey daily, monthly and yearly average flowrates have been calculated. Among this flowrates, for any given point, Yearly Flowrate Graphic, Arranged Flowrate Curve, Frequency Intensity Curve, Cumulative Frequency Curve can be drawn. Among these curves in order to draw the Cumulative Frequency Curve, Cumulative Frequency Tables must be formed beforehand. By forming these tables by locating the percentage of the repeated flowrate in the coordinate and the flowrates in the ordinate and with a certain approach, equations of the Cumulative Frequency Intensity Curves have been found. According to the result obtained in 90% of the rivers, with an approach over 90% equation of the cumulative frequency curve corresponds as Y=A* e(B*X) and the remaining 10%, with an approach over 80% the same way. The running diagram of the computer programme used for drawing of the arrangements of the flowrate values, formation of cumulative frequency tables and cumulative frequency curves are also given in this study.