COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SHIP EMISSION ESTIMATION METHODOLOGIES FOR ANNUAL EMISSION FOOTPRINT AND REDUCTION TECHNIQUES OF A BULK CARRIER

Abstract

Ships have an indispensable role in trading and transportation. Due to the growth of population and the new demands of the growing economies, the need for shipping but also its harmful effects are increasing and emission problems will grow further in the future. The main harmful effects caused by shipping are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulfur (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and black carbon (BC). The emissions have global effects on the health of a large number of people, especially those living in cities with a harbour. Although emissions caused by shipping are comparatively small, they must be in focus. With the increasing importance of global warming and social awareness, ship manufacturing industry should behave in parallel with the new rules. International organizations, such as International Maritime Organization (IMO), and several governments brought strict rules to reduce the emissions to an acceptable level. Besides, innovative and effective technologies are developed by some companies under the support of international organizations and national authorities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the current regulations and emission reduction technologies. Annual emission footprint estimation is calculated in order to remark the potential danger of shipping emissions. Two methodologies are used for calculations, namely, fuel consumption approach and engine power approach. Emission factors are taken from three different studies. In fuel consumption approach, the total emission amounts were 10115.7 and 9213.7 tons (according to Cooper and Gustafsson [35] as well as Eyring et al. [18] emission factors). For engine power approach, three different results are reached: 11503.1, 11191.2 and 11546.4 tons of Cooper and Gustafsson [35], Eyring et al. [18] and CALEPA [36] emission factors.