A review of solar photovoltaic incentives and Policy: Selected countries and Turkey

Abstract

Increasing energy consumption, the rapid depletion of traditional resources, and the damage they cause to the environment direct countries to meet the needs with appropriate and environmentally friendly methods. Solar photovoltaic systems are also the most suitable energy generation systems for these needs. In this context, interest in solar systems is increasing day by day and solar system installations are becoming widespread. However, the diffusion rate varies according to the incentives and policies implemented by the countries. Because solar systems can be considered the new and incentives -policies act as a catalyst in the spread of this energy type. Therefore, countries need to determine appro-priate policies. FIT (Feed-In-Tariff), NEM (Net metering), portfolio standards, project and tendering appli-cations, tax exemptions, R&D incentives, micro-generation network incentives are the leading policies implemented by countries in solar systems. The most used incentive method is FIT and NEM. In addition, roof-Top system incentives have been frequently applied in recent years. Countries have implemented one or more of these supports according to their renewable energy targets and achieved different results. In this study, which was created in this context, the incentive systems applied to PV systems were exam-ined, the incentives and policies they applied were analyzed by selecting countries from Europe, America, Asia, South America, and Africa. In addition, the current PV situation and potential of Turkey have been examined, and the incentives and policies applied to PV systems have been analyzed comparatively with other countries. The focus of this study is Turkey and the improvements that can be made in the field of incentives and policies in Turkey are analyzed in this study.(c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Uni-versity. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).