Chlorogenic acid nanoemulsion for Staphylococcus aureus causing skin infection: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes many skin infections such as impetigo, infected abra-sions, cellulitis, folliculitis, subcutaneous abscesses, infected ulcers and sores. In this study, it was aimed to develop a nanoformulation of chlorogenic acid that was efficient against S. aureus. In this context, ultrasonic emulsification method was used for production of the chlo-rogenic acid (CA) nanoemulsion formulation and was characterized in detail. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the CA nanoemulsion formulation was examined. Finally, the broth microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the formulation. It was determined that the average droplet size of the CA nanoemulsion for-mulation was 120.4 +/- 6.39 nm, the polydispersity index (PdI) was 0.180 +/- 0.018, and the zeta potential value was-11.5 +/- 1.15 mV. As a result of the thermodynamic stress tests of the CA na-noemulsion formulation, it was observed that there was no precipitation or phase separation. Moreover, in vitro release study showed a CA release of 75.49% after 48 hours. The antibac-terial results revealed that the CA nanoemulsion formulation was efficient (95% inhibition) against S. aureus (ATCC 25923). As a result, it is thought that CA nanoemulsion is an effective, nano sized and controlled release system based formulation candidate that may be used in the topical treatment of S. aureus causing skin infection.