From Fear of Innovation to AI Dependency: the Mediating Roles of Fear of Failure and Self-Doubt

Abstract

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has improved decision-making and learning efficiency. However, it also carries risks of over-reliance and potential negative consequences. Therefore, it is important to examine the cognitive factors associated with artificial intelligence dependency. This study aimed to examine the relationships among neophobia (fear of innovation), fear of failure, self-doubt, and AI dependency. A total of 1105 volunteer (mean age 22.88, SD = 5.28; 77.4% female, 22.6% male) participated. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the data. SEM results revealed significant positive correlations among fear of innovation, fear of failure, and self-doubt. Findings showed that fear of failure and self-doubt fully mediated the relationship between neophobia and AI dependency. These results suggest that strengthening students' self-efficacy may be associated with lower levels of AI dependency.