Development of High Purity, Few-Layer Graphene Synthesis by Electric Arc Discharge Technique

Abstract

In this study, high purity graphene nanoflakes (GNF) were synthesized by electric arc discharge technique. The arc discharge method is more advantageous than other graphene synthesis methods for producing cheap and good-quality graphene with minimum defects and not including dangerous chemicals. Because of this advantages, the arc discharge method is one step ahead of all graphene synthesis methods. In order to synthesize GNF, a DC electric arc discharge reactor was designed by our team. Electric arc discharge method based on a principle that provides a constant current between two high purity graphite electrodes to vaporize. After the arc discharge, nanoparticles accumulate on the inner surface of the reactor. The voltage stabilizer DC power source is used to create a current in the environment and the discharge usually occurs in a range 20-60 V. This current can be adjusted depending on the diameter of electrodes, the distance between electrodes and arc current varies between 100 and 150 A. Different characterization techniques such as the Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the graphene layers synthesized by the arc discharge method. The L-D / L-G ratio was calculated as 0.66 while the L-G / L-2D was determined as 1.31. These values show that the purity of the synthesized graphene is compatible to that of commercially supplied graphene. Besides, the synthesized graphene has fewer layer than commercially supplied one. Transmission electron microscope observations confirmed the typical wrinkled feature of graphene.