As a Factor of Improving the Life Quality: Measurement of Spatial Safety

Abstract

Safety as a major component of providing the life quality, it is essential for community life to live at healthy and prosperity. The population growth which depending on the immigration in the urban area becomes a reason for individuals' alienation due to become a barrier to reduce creating the strong relationship and to decrease the controllability. Furthermore, the reasons such as the unemployment issue which it is a result of the immigration in the urban area, poverty, shelter issue, getting bigger the gap between social and economic groups to establish the ground to increase of crime and fear of crime. The subject of reducing the crime at urban area, due to correlating with psychology, sociology, criminology and economy fields and also mostly related to urban planning and urban design science's field. In this study, the necessity of safety for creating the quality livable area, the spatial safety measurements which it would be used at spatial design guide and the implementation techniques were mentioned. The goal of this study is creating awareness at the necessity of safety and at the developing the spatial measurements in order to improve safety and to decrease the fear of crime at urban area. In that study, the broken window theory, the defensible space theory, the rational choice theory, the routine activities theory, the crime pattern theory has been studied and each theory's spatial measurement has been compared with each other in order to understand the relation of space and safety.