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Terrorism, Freshwater, and Environmental Pollution: Evidence of Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Arab Republic of Egypt, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, and Pakistan

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dc.contributor.authorBildirici, Melike E.
dc.contributor.authorLousada, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorGenc, Sema Yilmaz
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T14:42:47Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractNowadays, the world is facing many important problems, including terrorism, drinkingwater supply problems, and environmental pollution, which have strong impacts on the sustainable development. In this paper, the cointegration between drinking water, terrorism, economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental pollution was explored in Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Arab Republic of Egypt, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, and Pakistan in the period of 2000-2020 by using the panel Fourier bootstrapping auto regressive distributed lag (PFBARDL) test, and then the direction of causality between the selected variables was determined. The PFBARDL test determined evidence of cointegration among the selected variables. The causality test found evidence of unidirectional causality from terrorism to drinking water and environmental pollution.en
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/w14172684
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w14172684
dc.identifier.eissn2073-4441
dc.identifier.issue17
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14981/63828
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wos000852308300001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofWATER
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.subjectcausality
dc.subjectFourier
dc.subjectdrinking water
dc.subjectpanel
dc.subjectpanel Fourier bootstrapping ARDL
dc.subjectsustainability
dc.subjectterrorism
dc.subjectTRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM
dc.subjectECONOMIC-GROWTH
dc.subjectRESOURCES
dc.subjectDISASTERS
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectWARFARE
dc.subjectAGENTS
dc.subjectROOTS
dc.subjectEnvironmental Sciences & Ecology
dc.subjectWater Resources
dc.titleTerrorism, Freshwater, and Environmental Pollution: Evidence of Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Arab Republic of Egypt, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, and Pakistan
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.import.sourceWOS

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