From district to street: A multi-scale analysis of spatial justice through the 15-minute city framework in Beyoglu, Istanbul

Abstract

This study examines the 15-minute city approach from an accessibility perspective; it discusses the most important parameters of accessibility at the point where they intersect with spatial justice. The hypothesis is that if the principles underlying the 15-minute city approach, such as proximity, service distribution, diversity, and density, align with the foundational components of spatial justice, then the implementation of a 15-minute city framework can contribute to designing more equitable and mobility enhancing urban environments. To test this, the study identifies shared indicators between the two frameworks and investigates how they manifest in the context of a dense in Istanbul. Adopting a multi-method approach, the research integrates three complementary techniques: (1) GIS-based network analyses to assess proximity and density of key services; (2) a household survey to evaluate perceived accessibility; and (3) street-level physical space observations to assess the inclusiveness and adequacy of the built environment on a micro scale. The case study is conducted in Beyoglu, a historically layered and spatially fragmented district, allowing for the examination of both structural and experiential components of access. The results indicate that, although spatial proximity and service density vary significantly across neighborhoods, there are still gaps between objective accessibility and daily experiences. The results demonstrate that the 15-minute city approach can promote spatial justice when proximity is supported by socially responsive infrastructure, inclusive design, and attention to affordability and governance. By synthesizing the principles of spatial justice with the 15-minute city approach and testing them empirically in Beyoglu, the study contributes a conceptual framework and practical guidance for context-sensitive, equity-oriented urban policy.