Optimizing Soap Formulas With Design-Expert by Using Pomegranate Seed (Punica Granatum) and Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) as Natural Additives Based on Green Chemistry

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the key parameters improving the efficacy of natural soap production through the incorporation of various additives. The pivotal attributes under investigation were pH levels and foam height. Pomegranate seed, pomegranate seed oil, licorice, and varying amounts of licorice oil (ranging from 0-2%, w/w) were selected as controllable input variables for cold-process soap production. The Design-Expert Method guided the experimentation, with subsequent analysis of pH and foam height conducted on soap samples reflecting diverse compositions. The optimal soap sample emerged in experiment set number 19, featuring 1% additions of both pomegranate seed oil and licorice oil. Comprehensive analyses, including Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, color measurement, dissolution determination, moisture content assessment, alcohol-insoluble substance determination, and hardness testing, were performed on the optimal soap as well as a reference soap. Results revealed that the integration of natural oil-based additives into the process facilitated the production of soaps with quality characteristics equivalent to those of the reference sample.