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Terrorism, environmental pollution, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy consumption, and economic growth: Evidences from China, India, Israel, and Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorBildirici, Melike E.
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T14:28:42Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractIn this paper, it was aimed to investigate the relation between economic growth, terrorism, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, environmental pollution, and energy consumption in China, India, Israel, and Turkey for a time span of 43 years from 1975 to 2017. Three different panel cointegration methods to determine the cointegration relation and two different causality methods to find the direction of causality were simultaneously used, since the presence of cointegration and direction of causality are fundamental to design economic policy and strategy. After similar results from panel cointegration tests were obtained, the causality tests were applied. Panel causality tests determined the evidence of uni-directional causality from terrorism, FDI, and energy usage to CO2 emission.en
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x20919409
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0958305x20919409
dc.identifier.eissn2048-4070
dc.identifier.endpage95
dc.identifier.issn0958-305X
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.startpage75
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14981/61064
dc.identifier.volume32
dc.identifier.wos000533009900001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
dc.relation.ispartofENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectTerrorism
dc.subjectenvironmental pollution
dc.subjectpanel cointegration test
dc.subjectpanel causality test
dc.subjectNORTH-SOUTH TRADE
dc.subjectPANEL-DATA
dc.subjectCO2 EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTESTS
dc.subjectCOUNTRIES
dc.subjectCOINTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGULATIONS
dc.subjectSTATIONARITY
dc.subjectREGRESSION
dc.subjectCAUSALITY
dc.subjectEnvironmental Sciences & Ecology
dc.titleTerrorism, environmental pollution, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy consumption, and economic growth: Evidences from China, India, Israel, and Turkey
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.import.sourceWOS

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